How lifestyle and environmental factors affect male fertility

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According to a report published by the World Health Organization (WHO) in 2023, around 17.5 per cent adult population (1 in 6 people) suffer from infertility worldwide. While the conversations around female infertility are gradually increasing, many people still don't talk openly about male infertility because of social stigma and misconceptions.

Declining sperm count is a major factor that affects male fertility.

Factors affecting sperm health

A lack of physical activity, unhealthy lifestyle changes, poor dietary habits, stress, environmental pollutants, addictions, among other factors, can impact sperm health. Toxic substances in the environment also play a role.

Dr Ankita Kaushal, Consultant - Fertility & IVF Specialist, Motherhood Fertility & IVF, Kharghar, Navi Mumbai, informs, "Currently, not only females but males too are experiencing fertility-related issues. There is a distressing decline in sperm count among men aged 25-40 due to factors such as environmental pollution, poor diet inclusive of processed foods, sedentary lifestyles involving the absence of physical activity, prolonged sitting, and stress (because of personal or professional reasons)."

Further explaining the causes, Dr Sulbha Arora, Clinical Director at Nova IVF Fertility, Mumbai, says, "Consumption of fast food and processed snacks can lead to obesity and expose the body to harmful chemicals that reduce sperm production. Environmental pollutants, such as phthalates and bisphenol-A (BPA), disrupt hormone levels and degrade sperm quality. Stress increases cortisol levels, negatively impacting testosterone production and sperm health."

Tips to improve sperm health

Certain lifestyle changes can improve sperm health, and reduce fertility issues in males.

"It is necessary to adhere to a healthy diet, regular exercise, stress management techniques such as meditation, and minimise exposure to chemicals. Maintaining a healthy weight, and cutting down on alcohol and tobacco use can also help in improving sperm quality and quantity. For tailor-made treatment options, visit a fertility consultant who will conduct tests and come up with tailored recommendations based on one's requirements," suggests Dr Kaushal.

Dr Arora further suggests that to improve sperm health, men should include a nutrient-rich diet with antioxidants and healthy fats. "Consuming green leafy vegetables, whole grains, legumes, lentils, soybeans, eggs, bananas, walnuts, tomatoes and pumpkin seeds is beneficial," she says.

"Maintaining an optimal BMI (20-25 kg/m2) and ensuring adequate sleep of 8-9 hours daily can significantly improve sperm count," she further informs, adding, "One should consult fertility specialists for guidance."

Disclaimer: This is for informational purposes only and doe snot replace professional medical advice. Kindly consult a qualified medical expert for personalised guidance.

Also Read: World IVF Day: How does IVF help men in overcoming infertility?