Defeating the 'silent killer': Key symptoms of ovarian cancer that shouldn't be ignored

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According to the Global Cancer Observatory, ovarian cancer was the third most common cancer among women in India in 2022, with 47,333 new cases. Given its high prevalence, it is important to be aware of its symptoms, and subsequent diagnosis and treatment process.

Ovarian cancer begins in the ovaries, which produce eggs and hormones like estrogen and progesterone. Explaining how the disease is caused, Dr Swati Gaikwad, Consultant Obstetrician and Gynaecologist, Motherhood Hospital, Pune, says, "The disease occurs when cells in the ovaries grow abnormally. While the exact cause of ovarian cancer remains unknown, several factors can contribute to its development. Genetics, age, family history of ovarian cancer, obesity, smoking and hormones are among these factors."

"Women who started menstruating early or had children after the age of 35 may be at a higher risk," she adds.

Symptoms of ovarian cancer

Ovarian cancer, also referred to as ‘a silent killer', often presents with subtle or non-specific symptoms, leading many women to overlook or dismiss them. This can delay diagnosis and treatment.

Dr Gaikwad highlights the following symptoms of ovarian cancer that women should be aware of:

Persisting bloating: Experiencing bloating before or after eating larger meals is quite common. Bloating makes you feel full, causing abdominal discomfort. In some cases, digestive issues or diet is to be blamed. But if bloating is seen for more than a few days or weeks then it could be an indication of ovarian cancer.

Pelvic pain: This refers to experiencing pain in the pelvic area or the lower abdomen. The pelvic pain that starts occasionally can be normal but stubborn pelvic pain for an extended period can be a sign of various underlying health conditions.

Changes in appetite: Some women may notice abrupt changes in their eating habits or how hungry they feel. You may get easily full even after eating very little than usual. Over time, this can lead to losing your appetite. These sudden changes, particularly those that last longer, can be concerning.

Frequent urination: The frequent urge to urinate more than usual can be a sign of ovarian cancer in some. It happens when the cancer cells put excessive pressure on the bladder. Many women tend to mistake frequent urination with other health issues such as urinary tract infection or type 2 diabetes.

Changes in menstrual cycles: Irregularities in period can be a common symptom of various health conditions including ovarian cancer. This may include changes like irregular or delayed period, spotting between menstrual cycles and heavy bleeding. One should immediately schedule an appointment with their doctor to discuss the significant changes.

Importance of early diagnosis

Early diagnosis of ovarian cancer is essential as it can improve an individual's survival rate.

"When ovarian cancer is detected in its early stage, the treatment becomes more effective and beneficial. This can be achieved by keeping track of symptoms experienced," says Dr Gaikwad.

Highlighting detection tools, she informs, "There are several tests available in the market to detect ovarian cancer such as Pap smear test, Positron emission tomography (PET) scan, tumor marker tests, and CA-125 blood test. Initiate immediate treatment after the confirmed diagnosis of ovarian cancer."

Disclaimer: This is for informational purposes only and doesn't replace professional medical advice. Consult a qualified medical expert for personalised guidance.

Also Read: Five gynaecological cancers that every woman should be aware of