Can your nail colour raise risk of cancer? Mumbai experts weigh in on new study

A recent study by scientists at the US National Institutes of Health (NIH) has found that the length of the nail or colour that is usually red or white, can indicate the risk of cancer. It especially presented the possibility of developing cancerous tumours of the skin, eyes and kidneys. They made the revelation based on the discovery of a benign nail abnormality known as an onychopapilloma.

With a growing concern for the dangers of cancer, more people want to know about how they can avoid the deadly disease in any possible way. While there are many different measures that are recommended by experts, it can often be challenging. Every year, scientists keep discovering new indicators of cancer to help treat cancer. Wth this new study, they only stress on the need for nail screening, especially in cases of patients with a personal or family history of melanoma or other potential BAP1-associated malignancy.

As there is a growing concern about cancer, mid-day.com spoke to Dr Vinod Vij, senior consultant, Plastic Surgery and Cosmetology at Apollo Hospitals Navi Mumbai and Dr Meghal. Sanghavi, Confultant Oncosurgeon, Wockhardt Hospital's, Mumbai Central. They not only dwell on the plausibility of the study but also how nail colour can indicate different kinds of sicknesses.

ALSO READ: Rains to arrive soon in Mumbai; doctors share tips to battle monsoon diseases

Is there any connection between nail colour and cancer?

Vij: Yes, there can be a connection between nail colour and cancer. Recent studies suggest that changes in nail colour can be indicative of underlying health conditions, including certain types of cancer. For example, dark streaks or bands on the nails could potentially be a sign of melanoma, a type of skin cancer. However, not all changes in nail colour are related to cancer; they can also be caused by other medical conditions or external factors.

Meghal: Yes, there is a connection between nail colour and cancer. Changes in nail colour, shape, or swelling can be symptoms of underlying cancers.

If yes, what is the current understanding of its causes?

Vij: The current understanding of the causes of nail colour changes related to cancer is multifactorial. In the case of melanoma, pigmentation changes occur due to the proliferation of melanocytes, the cells responsible for pigment production. Other cancers might affect nail colour indirectly by affecting overall health and nutrient levels, leading to changes in nail appearance.

Meghal: Nail changes associated with cancer are typically due to the direct invasion of the nail bed or matrix by cancer cells, or due to systemic effects of the cancer elsewhere in the body.

What are the current symptoms of getting cancer of skin, eyes and kidneys and is nail colour and length one of them?

Vij: These are the following symptoms:

1. Skin Cancer: Symptoms include new growths, sores that do not heal, changes in existing moles, and irregularities in skin colour or texture.

2. Eye Cancer: Symptoms can include vision changes, dark spots on the iris, and changes in eye appearance or colour.

3. Kidney Cancer: Symptoms might include blood in the urine, lower back pain on one side, unexplained weight loss, and fatigue.

Nail colour and length changes are not primary symptoms of these cancers but can be indicative of systemic health issues.

Meghal: Apart from skin, eye and kidney cancer, nail changes including clubbing of nails can indicate lung cancer, while black bands may be a sign of melanoma. White or red bands in the nails can be linked to cancers of the skin, kidneys, or eyes.

ALSO READ: A celebrity dermatologist's guide to sunscreen sticks

What is onychopapilloma and what should people know about it?

Vij: Onychopapilloma is a benign tumour originating in the nail bed or distal matrix, notable for its distinct appearance among nail abnormalities. It typically presents as a solitary, longitudinal band on the nail, which can be pigmented or non-pigmented, often appearing as a brown or black streak.

This condition commonly affects one nail, usually the thumb or big toe, and is often accompanied by nail splitting. Diagnosis involves a clinical examination, dermatoscopy to differentiate from other conditions, and a biopsy to confirm its benign nature and rule out malignancy.

Awareness is crucial as onychopapilloma can be mistaken for melanoma, necessitating accurate diagnosis to avoid unnecessary alarm or improper treatment. While generally not requiring treatment, symptomatic cases or those causing significant nail deformity can be managed surgically, with an excellent prognosis and minimal complications. Patients should regularly monitor their nails for changes and seek early consultation with a dermatologist for any abnormalities, understanding that onychopapilloma is benign but staying vigilant for more serious conditions.

Meghal: Onychopapilloma is a benign tumour of the nail bed and distal nail matrix. It is curable by surgically removing the affected nail.

As stated by the study, how important is it for a person with a family history of melanoma or other cancers to undergo screenings and regular checkups?

Vij: The importance of screenings and regular check-ups for individuals with a family history of melanoma or other cancers cannot be overstated. For individuals with a family history of melanoma or other cancers, regular screenings and checkups are crucial because early detection can significantly improve treatment outcomes. This is particularly relevant as changes in nail colour can sometimes signal cancer risk, such as dark streaks indicating potential melanoma.

With a higher genetic predisposition and shared environmental factors increasing their risk, vigilant monitoring, personalised screening plans, and preventive care become essential. Early-stage cancers often require less aggressive treatment, enhancing the quality of life and survival rates.

Additionally, regular checkups help in implementing lifestyle modifications and provide psychological benefits by reducing anxiety and building support systems. Therefore, paying attention to nail color changes and undergoing regular medical evaluations are vital steps for those with a familial cancer risk.

Meghal: Though not a very common cause of cancer, nail screening can be advised to people with a family history of melanoma, along with annual health checks. Hence no separate screening is required.

Can people improve nail colour or ensure proper growth with general hygiene measures?

Vij: Yes, general hygiene measures can help improve nail color and ensure proper growth. This includes keeping nails clean and dry, trimming nails regularly, moisturizing the cuticles, avoiding harsh chemicals, and protecting nails from trauma. These measures help maintain healthy nails and prevent infections and other conditions that can affect nail colour and growth.

Meghal: Maintaining general nail hygiene, such as keeping nails dry and clean, can prevent nail diseases but may not prevent nail cancers. Good hygiene helps in avoiding infections and other non-cancerous nail problems.

Can food help in retaining nail colour and keep the nails healthy?

Vij: Nutrition plays a significant role in maintaining healthy nails. Foods rich in vitamins and minerals such as biotin, vitamin E, iron, zinc, and omega-3 fatty acids can promote healthy nail growth and colour.

For example, eggs, nuts, leafy greens, fish, and whole grains are beneficial for nail health. A balanced diet ensures that the body has the necessary nutrients to maintain strong and healthy nails.

Meghal: Healthy food habits contribute to maintaining healthy nails. A balanced diet rich in vitamins and minerals supports nail health but may not prevent nail colour changes due to cancer. Nutrients like biotin, vitamin E, and omega-3 fatty acids are particularly beneficial for nail strength and appearance.

Lastly, what does your nail colour generally indicate about your body's health?

Vij: Nail colour can indicate various aspects of a person's health. For example:

1. Pale or white nails may suggest anaemia, liver disease, or malnutrition.

2. Yellow nails can be a sign of fungal infections, lung disease, or diabetes.

3. Bluish nails might indicate low oxygen levels in the blood, associated with lung or heart problems.

4. Dark streaks can be a sign of melanoma or other serious conditions.

5. Red or brown streaks under the nails could indicate trauma or a possible heart valve infection.

Meghal: Pale Nails: May indicate anemia.

White Nails: This can be a sign of liver disease

Blue Nails: Suggest a lack of oxygen, possibly due to respiratory issues.

Dry/Brittle Nails: Often caused by fungal infections or nutritional deficiencies.

Puffy Nail Fold: Indicative of an infection.